• Small caps or small capitals are uppercase letters that are the same height and weight as surrounding lowercase letters. Something set in ALL CAPS would not be the same as something set in small caps. The small caps would appear smaller, as the size of lowercase letters.
• Example of a font with small caps: Georgia Pro
• A ligature occurs when two or more letters are joined together as a single letter. They are often used to make text more attractive or create an old-fashioned look. They also may aid in legibility. Ligatures are more often needed in a tightly set serif roman or italic, not in a sans serif font. The most common ligatures are ff, fl, fi, and ffl. Fun fact: The most common ligature is the & (ampersand). This was originally a combination of the letters e and t, et, the Latin for and. However, the ampersand is generally no longer considered a ligature, although that's how it stated.
• Example of a font with ligatures: Adobe Garamond Pro
• A real apostrophe is a single closing quotation mark, not a foot mark, which denotes a measurement in feet, which has nothing to do with an apostrophe.
• Inch marks are not the same as quotation marks. Inch marks are used for showing a measurement in inches. Smart quotes look different and are what should actually be used for quotes.
• A hyphen is a short dash, an en dash is a longer dash and an em dash is an even longer dash. A hyphen is strictly used only for hyphenating between words or for line breaks. An en dash is used between durations, places where you could use the word 'to', such as months, hourly time, or years. An em dash is is used in a similar way to a colon or parentheses. It indicates an abrupt change in thought.
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